As the temperature rises, so does the risk of heat-related illnesses like heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there were nearly 120,000 heat-related illness in 2023 with over 90% occurring between the months of May through September. While enjoying outdoor activities under the sun is a wonderful way to enjoy the warmer months, it’s essential to recognize the signs and symptoms of these conditions and know when it’s time to seek emergency medical attention.
What are Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, and Heat stroke?
Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke are all heat-related illnesses that occur when the body overheats. Here’s a breakdown of each:
- Heat Cramps: Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms that typically occur during intense exercise or physical activity in hot weather. They are caused by dehydration and loss of electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium.
- Heat Exhaustion: Heat exhaustion is more severe than heat rash but less severe than heat stroke. Regardless, it still requires prompt attention. Heat exhaustion occurs when the body loses too much water and salt through sweating, typically after prolonged exposure to high temperatures and inadequate fluid intake.
- Heat stroke: Heat stroke is a severe form of heat-related illness that occurs when the body’s temperature rises rapidly, and the cooling system fails. It can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Signs and Symptoms
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of these heat-related illnesses is crucial for prompt intervention. Here’s what to look for:
Heat Cramps:
- Painful muscle spasms, usually in the legs, arms, or abdomen
- Sweating
- Fatigue
- Thirst
Read more about the symptoms of heat cramps from WebMD.
Heat Exhaustion:
- Heavy sweating
- Weakness or fatigue
- Dizziness or fainting
- Cool, clammy skin
- Muscle cramps
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
Read more about the symptoms of heat exhaustion from the Red Cross.
Heatstroke:
- High body temperature (above 103°F or 39.4°C)
- Hot, red, dry, or damp skin
- Rapid pulse
- Headache
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Confusion or unconsciousness
- Seizures
Read more about the symptoms of heatstroke from UCLA Health.
When to Seek Emergency Care
Knowing when to seek emergency medical care can be life-saving. If you or someone you know experiences any of the symptoms of heatstroke, visit the nearest emergency department immediately. You also need to seek medical help as soon as possible if heat cramps last more than one hour, you have heart problems, or are on a low-sodium diet.
Check out this information on how to identify and respond to heat-related illnesses.
Prevention Tips
Prevention is key to avoiding heat-related illnesses. Here are some tips from the Mayo Clinic News Network to stay safe in the heat:
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water, especially when spending time outdoors.
- Dress Appropriately: Wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothing to allow your skin to breathe.
- Stay Cool: Seek shade or air-conditioned environments during the hottest parts of the day.
- Protect Your Skin: Apply sunscreen regularly and wear a wide-brimmed hat to protect your face and neck from the sun.Avoid Strenuous
- Activity: Limit outdoor activities during peak heat hours, and take frequent breaks.
- Check on Others: Keep an eye on friends, family, and neighbors, especially those who may be more susceptible to heat-related illnesses.
Recap
By staying informed about the signs and symptoms of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke, and taking steps to prevent them, you can enjoy the summer safely. Remember, if you suspect serious a heat-related illness, don’t hesitate to seek medical help—it could save a life.
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